IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SMP/MTS

Penggunaan model pembelajaran yang kurang tepat saat kegiatan belajar mengajar dapat menimbulkan kebosanan, pembelajaran yang monoton dan kurang dipahami oleh siswa, sehingga siswa kurang termotivasi untuk belajar. Hal tersebut dapat menimbulkan banyak ketidakpahaman pada siswa dan berdampak pada hasil belajar siswa. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan variasi dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, salah satunya melalui model pembelajaran Project based learning (PjBL). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan proses implementasi model pembelajaran PjBL pada pembelajaran matematika pada pokok bahasan statistika. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 siswa yang terdiri dari 17 siswa laki-laki dan 13 siswa perempuan dari kelas VIII D di SMPN 15 Banjarmasin. Objek pada penelitian ini adalah proses pembelajaran matematika dan hasil belajar siswa setelah dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran PjBL. Teknik pengambilan data yang dilakukan yaitu melalui observasi keterlaksanaan RPP, observasi aktivitas siswa, tes hasil belajar siswa dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan persentase untuk keterlaksanaan RPP dan statistik deskriptif untuk mendeskripsikan hasil belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang sudah dilaksanakan dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa implementasi model pembelajaran PjBL dalam pembelajaran matematika pada pokok bahasan statistika berada pada kriteria baik dengan persentase 79,29% dan hasil belajar siswa berada pada kategori baik dengan nilai akhir 69,26

The Development of Reliability Analysis Toolkit (RAT) For Analyzing Plant Maintenance Data

Reliability analysis is an important tool for engineers in assessing the performance of existing operational system of the plant. Major loss can be eliminated and therefore increase the plant profitability. The aim of this study is to develop a toolkit that will assist the engineers in performing the reliability analysis. The main issues found during the research are namely improper methodology used by the engineers and inadequate of time to perform the analysis. In order to solve these issues, a computer based toolkit called as Reliability Analysis Toolkit (RAT) is programmed using the combination of Microsoft Excel, Macro and Visual Basic for the interface. The toolkit (RAT) is developed using two type of analysis which is exploratory and inferential analysis. In exploratory analysis, the plant field maintenance data is processed into graphical charts such as Pareto and trend chart to help the engineer in identifying the critical equipment/systems. In Inferential analysis, the plant field maintenance data is analyzed for independent and identically distributed data (IID) validation whether life data analysis (LDA) may be used or not in the reliability analysis. In this step, Laplace trend test and serial correlation test are used to test the IID assumption. The toolkit will also provides the engineer with the reliability measures for the analysis namely MTBF and failure rate. After the toolkit (RAT) is developed, a case study is conducted to validate the result generated by the toolkit. The results from the toolkit are compared with the result obtain analytically via Excel Spreadsheets. From the demonstrated results, the toolkit shows the ability to analyze the plant field data since the results obtain are exactly similar with analytical results. This study achieved the objective and will expedite the analysis process so that the major plant issues can be addressed timely and appropriately

Is knowledge that powerful? Financial literacy and access to finance: An analysis of enterprises in the UK

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between financial literacy, access to finance and growth among small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within the Midlands region of the UK. It assesses whether financial literacy assists SMEs to overcome information asymmetry, mitigates the need for collateral, optimizes capital structure and improves access to finance. Design/methodology/approach To gain a deeper insight into the complex relationship between financial literacy, access to finance and growth, a qualitative research is carried out among SMEs that have operated for over five years or longer. Using the purposive sampling technique, 37 firms were selected based on size, location and characteristics, mainly from the city of Birmingham and the joining conurbations. Open-ended and a combination of dichotomous questions were used for the survey. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analyzed. Findings Financial literacy is an interconnecting resource that mitigates information asymmetry and collateral deficit when evaluating loan applications, therefore financial literacy should be part of school curriculum. The analysis suggests enhanced financial literacy, reduces monitoring cost and serves to optimize firms’ capital structure that positively impacts on SMEs growth. Financial management knowledge is recognized as the core resource that aids an effective decision making by owners of SMEs. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this research is the small sample that limits its generalization. Its findings could be enhanced by a larger sample and by conducting comparative studies in other regions or economies. SMEs growth is seen as a strategic policy to stimulate enterprise but the finance gap tends to constrain that objective. The UK Government’s effort to improve access to finance and to mitigate excessive collateral demands by lenders has proved elusive. This empirical research provides evidence that financial literacy enhances access to finance and, in turn, promotes growth potentials. Practical implications The results of this study advocate the provision of financial literacy at schools and target support for SMEs to acquire financial management skills in order to mitigate information asymmetry between lenders and borrowers. Social implications Findings suggest that financial literacy mediates access to finance, enables enterprises to use optimal financial structure to mitigate business failure, creates employment and reduces public sector support for social benefits. Originality/value This study is novel in that it examines financial literacy and its implications for access to finance and firm growth in the UK. The study is an effort to highlight the role of financial information in mitigating barriers to finance for SMEs

Assessing the leanness in product design: a model for planned design reuse

Shrinking product lifecycles, tough international competition, swiftly changing technologies, ever increasing customer quality expectation and demanding high variety options are some of the forces that drive next generation of development processes. To overcome these challenges, design cost and development time of product has to be reduced as well as quality to be improved. Design reuse is considered one of the lean strategies to win the race in this competitive environment. design reuse can reduce the product development time, product development cost as well as number of defects which will ultimately influence the product performance in cost, time and quality. However, it has been found that no or little work has been carried out for quantifying the effectiveness of design reuse in product development performance such as design cost, development time and quality. Therefore, in this study we propose a systematic design reuse based product design framework and developed a design leanness index (DLI) as a measure of effectiveness of design reuse. The DLI is a representative measure of reuse effectiveness in cost, development time and quality. Through this index, a clear relationship between reuse measure and product development performance metrics has been established. Finally, a cost based model has been developed to maximise the design leanness index for a product within the given set of constraints achieving leanness in design process

Dynamic Laser Fault Injection Aided by Quiescent Photon Emissions in Embedded Microcontrollers: Apparatus, Methodology and Attacks

Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming more integrated in our daily life with the increasing number of embedded electronic devices interacting together. These electronic devices are often controlled by a Micro-Controller Unit (MCU). As an example, it is estimated that today’s well-equipped automobile uses more than 50 MCUs. Some MCUs contain cryptographic co-processors to enhance the security of the exchanged and stored data with a common belief that the data is secured and safe. However many MCUs have been shown to be vulnerable to Fault Injection (FI) attacks. These attacks can reveal shared secrets, firmware, and other confidential information. In addition, this extracted information obtained by attacks can lead to identification of new vulnerabilities which may scale to attacks on many devices. In general, FI on MCUs corrupt data or corrupt instructions. Although it is assumed that only authorized personnel with access to cryptographic secrets will gain access to confidential information in MCUs, attackers in specialized labs nowadays may have access to high-tech equipment which could be used to attack these MCUs. Laser Fault Injection (LFI) is gaining more of a reputation for its ability to inject local faults rather than global ones due to its precision, thus providing a greater risk of breaking security in many devices. Although publications have generally discussed the topic of security of MCUs, attack techniques are diverse and published LFI provides few and superficial details about the used experimental setup and methodology. Furthermore, limited research has examined the combination of both LFI and Photo-Emission Microscopy (PEM), direct modification of instructions using the LFI, control of embedded processor resets using LFI, and countermeasures which simultaneously thwart other aspects including decapsulation and reverse engineering (RE). This thesis contributes to the study of the MCUs’ security by analyzing their susceptibility to LFI attacks and PEM. The proposed research aims to build a LFI bench from scratch allowing maximum control of laser parameters. In addition, a methodology for analysis of the Device Under Attack (DUA) in preparation for LFI is proposed, including frontside/backside decapsulation methods, and visualization of the structure of the DUA. Analysis of attack viability of different targets on the DUA, including One-Time Programmable (OTP) memory, Flash memory and Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) was performed. A realistic attack of a cryptographic algorithm, such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) using LFI was conducted. On the other hand, countermeasures to the proposed attack techniques, including decapsulation/RE, LFI and PEM, were discussed. This dissertation provides a summary for the necessary background and experimental setup to study the possibility of LFI and PEM in different DUAs of two different technologies, specifically PIC16F687 and ARM Cortex-M0 LPC1114FN28102. Attacks performed on on-chip peripherals such as Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) and debug circuity reveal new vulnerabilities. This research is important for understanding attacks in order to design countermeasures for securing future hardware

Prinsip-Prinsip Komunikasi Islam Dalam Masyarakat Muslim Desa Budaya Budaya Lingga,Kec.Simpang Empat, Kab.Karo

  Humans are essentially never far from social relations with the environment with communication because communication between communities and religious communities can be well established. Likewise with communication to fellow religious people, especially to Islamic communication. Islamic communication is often a discipline that is applied in minority communities in several areas, especially to invite people to the path of ALLAH SWT and in its application always emphasizes religious values ​​and does not escape social and cultural values ​​without neglecting the values ​​of Islam itself. Islamic communication in a highly cultured society always emphasizes the principles of Islamic communication and the methods in accordance with the Qur'an and Hadith. The principles of Islamic communication itself are not only conveying messages but also as an arena for changing social behavior and also establishing harmonious communication and also holding hands between Muslim communities and Islamic communication and the principles of Islamic communication itself

Spine alignment in men during lateral sleep position: experimental study and modeling

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A proper sleep system can affect the spine support in neutral position. Most of the previous studies in scientific literature have focused on the effects of customary mattresses on the spinal alignment. To keep the spine in optimal alignment, one can use sleep surfaces with different zonal elasticity, the so called custom-made arrangements. The required stiffness of a sleep surface for each individual can be obtained by changing this arrangement applying the experimental method and modeling.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In experimental part, the coordinate positions of the markers mounted on the spinous processes of the vertebrae of 25 male volunteers were registered in frontal plane through the optical tracking method and so the spinal alignment was obtained in lateral sleep position on soft and firm surfaces and on the best custom-made arrangement. Thereupon the π-P₈angles were extracted from these alignments and then were compared with each other. In modeling part the anthropometric data of four different types of volunteers were used. And then the models built in BRG.LifeMOD (ver. 2007, Biomechanics Research Group, Inc., USA) based on these data and in accordance with the experimental tests, were analyzed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The one way ANOVA statistical model and the post hoc tests showed a significant difference in the π-P₈angles between soft & custom-made and soft & firm mattresses at the p = 0.001 level and between firm & soft mattresses at the p = 0.05 level. In modeling part, the required stiffness of the sleep surface for four weight-dimensional groups was acquired quantitatively.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The mattress with a custom-made arrangement is a more appropriate choice for heavier men with pronounced body contour. After data fitting, it was observed that the variations of spinal alignment obtained from both methods have the same trend. Observing the amount of required stiffness obtained for the sleep surface, can have a significant effect on keeping the spine healthy.</p

Changes Evaluation of Reserve Substances and Degradation Enzymes after Exposure of Tomato Plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to Alpha - Cypermethrin, Chlorpyriphos and Pyrimicarb

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most important vegetables, whose production and consumption increased quite rapidly. The impact of three xenobiotics such as alpha-cypermethrin, chlorpyriphos and pyrimicarb on reserve substances (proteins, starch and lipids) and degradation enzymes (protease and alpha-amylase) was investigated. The effect of the insecticides was observed by using four dilutions of the normal concentration used in agriculture (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%) for germinating seeds, and only the recommended concentration in agriculture for growing plants. The results suggest that the tested insecticides induced an accumulation of proteins in both treated seeds, and treated plants leaves and roots. Moreover, the protease activity was reduced in treated seeds and plants. Also a great accumulation of starch in presence of the insecticides was registered in treated seeds, and leafs and roots of treated plants, whereas this accumulation is accompanied with an inhibition of alpha-amylase activity. Concerning lipids, a significant increase was observed in treated samples compared to the control ones

Selection of cemented carbide turning tools using EMF and optimization criteria

Tool life and quality of surface finish of the workpiece influence production rate and production cost. Cemented carbide tools have found wide application in the production arena of Bangladesh. In the absence of any testing facility in the country for the selection of cost-effective tools, poor quality carbide tools are frequently imported. A testing method and a selection criteria were developed for testing carbide tools of different shapes and sizes and for selecting the most cost-effective tool. For each tool cutting tests were performed to generate tool life data under different cutting conditions. Mild steel served as the work material. The relationship between tool life and cutting speed was developed using a curve-fitting software on a PC. From these relationships the values of the constants of the Taylor’s equation were determined. The cost equation was then derived for each tool for a given amount of work in a cutting speed range. Finally, the most cost-effective tool was selected on the basis of the relative location of the cost curves of the tools tested